Exoplanet population research focuses on studying the characteristics, distribution, and diversity of exoplanets (planets outside of our solar system) in order to understand the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Researchers analyze data collected from telescopes and space missions to identify and categorize exoplanets based on factors such as size, composition, temperature, and orbit. This research also aims to determine the frequency of different types of exoplanets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond, providing valuable insights into the prevalence of potentially habitable worlds in the universe.